New Keloid Cure Alternatives

Summary: There are three main factors in the wound healing process. Analysis and further study of contraction, scar formation and regeneration are important to understand why scarring process occur.

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New Scar Cure Developments: Regeneration, Contraction & Scar Tissue

Three factors take part in the healing outcome of a trauma, wound or injury caused by trauma, an accident or as a consequence from plastic or reconstructive surgery: contraction, scar formation and regeneration. Of the three factors, contraction (more than scar formation) is the clearly principal process for spontaneous wound closure in adults.

In contrast skin wounds on small mammalian embryos heal perfectly with no signs of scarring and full restitution of the normal skin architecture.

Regeneration.

Limb regeneration in certain amphibians is a spectacular feat by which an amputated limb grows back to its original form and recovers its normal function. It's the prototypical paradigm of regeneration. not so many adult amphibians, and none of the adult mammals, can replicate this feat. In compensation, almost all mammals, including adult humans, respond to injuries with a spontaneous repair process.

Repair closes the wound by contraction and synthesis of scar tissue without recovery of the undamaged tissues. In contrast, a regeneration process closes the wound recreating the missing organ (skin is an organ) at the original location, yielding a regenerate. Regeneration restores the normal structure and function of the woundedorgan; repair does not.

Wounds in early mammalian embryos heal with no scar formation.

Unlike the adult, the mammalian foetus heals its wounds spontaneously regenerating with negligible contraction, no scar formation, diminished inflammatory response and increased levels of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) synthesis, provided that the wound has been inflicted at a sufficiently early stage of gestation, typically before the third trimester.

A developmental change, occurring during the last stage of mammalian gestation, leads from healing primarily by regeneration to healing by repair. During this transition closure of the damaged site by regeneration is largely replaced by closure based on contraction and scar formation.

It is also a well known fact that scarring use to be worse in children and teenagers, due to their enhanced inflammatory reaction, whilst the quality of scarring in elderly people is often better, as a result of an altered inflammatory and immune reaction at the wound site.

To gain insights into the mechanisms behind scar-free wound healing, researchers lead by Dr Mark Ferguson, D.D.S., Ph.D., professor in the faculty of life sciences at the University of Manchester, England have studied the differences in cellular and molecular responses to injuries in embryonic and adult injuries healing models.

Scar formation

To restore the barrier function of the skin as quickly as possible, closure of skin wounds and replacement of missing skin tissue occur quickly in adult skin by a mechanism that leads to scars formation.

The change from scarless embryonic wound healing to scar-forming adult wound healing is a gradual one and is characterized by the abnormal organization of the neo-dermis, mainly the abnormal deposition of small parallel bundles of extracellular matrix between the margins of the wound (consisting largely of collagen types I and III and fibronectin) to form the scar as opposed to the deposition of large bundles of extracellular matrix in a normal basketweave orientation in the normal skin and in the neo-dermis of an embryonic wound. So scarring is a morphogenetic problem, i.e. an error in the regeneration of the normal skin structure more than a biochemical problem, e.g. abnormal composition of the scar tissue.

Modern research has shed light on the scarring process, and how to use this knowledge for developing new Scar Treatment alternatives. Keep reading to learn more.

Recent Research about New Scar Cure Methods

A solution for keloidal scars

Louw L.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.

For hundreds of years, keloids have been an enigma and despite considerable research to unravel this phenomenon no universally accepted treatment protocol currently exists. Historically, the etiology of keloids has been hypothesized by multiple different theories; however, a more contemporary view postulates a multifactoral basis for this disorder involving nutritional, biochemical, immunological, and genetic factors that play a role in this abnormal wound healing.

Critical to the process of preventing or managing keloids is the need to locally control fibroblasts and their activities at the wound site. In recent years, considerable evidence has accumulated demonstrating the importance of fatty acids and bioactive lipids in health and disease, especially those involving inflammatory disorders or immune dysfunction. If hypertrophic scarring and keloid formation can be argued to have significant inflammatory histories, then it is possible to postulate a role for lipids in their etiology and potentially in their treatment.

This report briefly visits past views and theories on keloid formation and treatment, and offers a theoretical rationale for considering adjuvant fatty acid therapy for keloid management. Sufficient scientific evidence in support of fatty acid strategies for the prevention and treatment of keloids currently exists, which offer opportunities to bridge the gap between the laboratory and the clinic.

The intent of this paper is to serve as a basic guideline for researchers, nutritionists, and clinicians interested in keloids and to propose new directions for keloid management.